Question

1. What are these two conditions called?
2. Which is associated with other genetic conditions?
3. Which has better associated outcomes?

Answer

1. The condition on the left is an omphalocele and on the right is a gastroschisis.
   1. Omphalocele is a midline abdominal wall defect where the contents are covered by a membrane of amnion and peritoneum.  It occurs at the base of umbilical cord.
   2. Gastroschisis (more common) is a full-thickness, paraumbilical abdominal wall defect with free-evisceration of abdominal contents
2. The majority of infants with an omphalocele have associated congenital anomalies including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Trisomy 13 and 18, and numerous other subsystem involvement.  Gastroschisis generally has no other abnormalities, but can have associated intestinal atresia in up to 10%
3. Gastroschisis has statistically better overall outcomes since it is not associated with any other genetic conditions.

References

1. Carlo WA.  The Umbilicus. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed.  2016. Chapter 105: 890-891.
2. Abdominal Wall Defect.  Genetics Home Reference.  https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/abdominal-wall-defect