Eponyms

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Peyronie’s Disease

 

Other Known Aliases – none

 

Definition – an acquired, localized fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea where thick, fibrous plaques compress the corpora cavernosa

 

Image result for peyronie's disease

 

Clinical Significance – The pathogenesis of Peyronie’s disease is unknown and is postulated to be multifactorial.  Patients experience pain, penile deformity, and sexual dysfunction

 

History – Named after François de la Peyronie (1678-1747), who was a French surgeon and received his medical training as a barber-surgeon in Montpellier in 1695.  He continued his academic career teaching and practicing surgery and anatomy throughout France.  In 1736, he was appointed first-surgeon to King Louis XV and was instrumental in organizing formal training in the surgical arts and was a major force in the creation of the 1743 law that banned barbers from practicing surgery.  Also in 1743, he first described the eponymous disease in a book on ejaculation dysfunction where described “indurations of the cavernous bodies like rosary beads” leading to penile curvature.  His last name, lapeyronie, means litter stone because his father was a stone cutter.  Its a shame he didn’t pursue management of kidney stones as his claim to fame.

 

 

 

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  7. Fischer LP, Ferrandis JJ, Blatteau JE. [François de Lapeyronie, from Montpellier (1678-1747). “Surgery restorer” and universal spirit. The soul, Musc, rooster eggs]. Histoire des sciences medicales. ; 43(3):241-8. [pubmed]

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Maisonneuve Fracture

 

Other Known Aliases – none

 

Definition – spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula caused by pronation with external rotation

 

Image result for maisonneuve

Clinical Significance – This injury is a sequelae of significant ankle trauma with disruption of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and can be unstable.  It is also one of the criteria of the Ottawa Rules of the Ankle so you don’t miss these

 

History – Named after Jules Germain François Maisonneuve (1809-1897), a French surgeon who studied under Guillaume Dupuytren in the mid-1800s.  He first reported this injury pattern in 1840 in the article entitled Recherches sur la fracture du Péroné.  He was also the first surgeon to advocate the use of external fixation in the management of ankle fractures

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. Maisonneuve, J. G. (1840). Recherches sur la fracture du péroné. Paris. France: Loquin & Cie.

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Hutchinson Fracture

 

Other Known Aliases – Chauffeur fracture, backfire fracture

 

Definition – intra-articular fracture of the radial styloid

 

Chauffeur fracture

 

Clinical Significance – This injury most commonly occurs from either direct trauma to the dorsum of the hand or from FOOSH with forced dorsiflexion and abduction

 

History – Named after Jonathan Hutchinson (1828-1913), who was an English physician and surgeon and received his medical doctorate from St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London in 1850.  He enjoyed a prolific career practicing in ophthalmology and pathology, while also serving as president for numerous medical societies.  Dr. Hutchinson also produced more than 1200 medical articles and study extensively on infectious diseases.  In 1908, he was knighted by Edward VII for his contributions to medicine.  The colloquial term of chauffeur fracture comes from the fact that when the chauffeur would hand crank the car and the car backfired, the handle would shoot back and impact the palm of the hand.

 

Jonathan Hutchinson 2.jpg

 

 

 

 

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. Radiopaedia.  Chauffeur Fracture. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chauffeur-fracture
  7. WALES AE. Sir Jonathan HUTCHINSON, 1828-1913. The British journal of venereal diseases. 1963; 39:67-86. [pubmed]

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Bouchard’s Nodes

 

Other Known Aliases – none

 

Definition – nodular growths on the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes

 

 

Clinical Significance – Most commonly seen in osteoarthritis and similar to Heberden’s nodes of the distal interphalangeal joints, though they are less common.

 

History – Named after Charles Jacques Bouchard (1837-1915), a French pathologist who received his medical doctorate in 1866 while studying under the famous Dr. Jean Martin Charcot. He practiced at the Bicêtre Hospital where he was appointed chair of general pathology in 1879.  His seminal work was the Traité de Pathologie Générale, which was a compendium of medical pathology and where the description of his eponymous findings were first recorded.

 

Image result for Traité de Pathologie Générale bouchard

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. Contrepois A. The clinician, germs and infectious diseases: the example of Charles Bouchard in Paris. Medical history. 2002; 46(2):197-220. [pubmed]
  7. https://www.nature.com/articles/140457c0

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Jones Fracture

 

Other Known Aliases – none

 

Definition – fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction

Image result for jones fracture

Clinical Significance – Fairly easy radiographical diagnosis to make, but careful examination must distinguish between acute injuries in Zone 1 and 2 and chronic injuries in Zone 3.

Image result for jones fractureImage result for jones fracture zones

History – Named after Sir Robert Jones (1857-1933), a Welsh orthopaedic surgeon and received his medical doctorate from the Liverpool School of Medicine in 1887 and achieved fellowship in 1889.  Along with his uncle, he was a pioneer in the diagnosis and management of fractures.  He first described the injury that bears his name in 1902 in the Annals of Surgery entitled “Fracture of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal by Indirect Violence”.  This paper was a six patient case report on the injury pattern and Dr. Jones was patient number one having injured his foot several months prior dancing.  After Wilhem Rontgen published his discovery of x-rays in 1895, Dr. Jones adopted this new modality fully in the practice of orthopaedics and published the first clinical radiograph in 1896 about a 12yo with a bullet lodged in his wrist that could not be found clinically and required a 2hr long exposure.

Robert Jones (surgeon).jpg

scanned image of page 697

 

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. Jones Fracture.  Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics. http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/jones_fracture
  7. OrthoBullets. https://www.orthobullets.com/foot-and-ankle/7031/5th-metatarsal-base-fracture
  8. Jones R. I. Fracture of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone by Indirect Violence. Annals of surgery. 1902; 35(6):697-700.2. [pubmed]
  9. Jones R, Lodge O.  The Discovery of a Bullet Lost in the Wrist by Means of the Roentgen Rays.  Lancer. 1896;147(3782):476-477 [article]

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Jones Criteria

 

Other Known Aliases – diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever

 

Definition – clinical criteria to help diagnose acute rheumatic fever.  There are divided into major and minor criteria as follows:

  • Major
    • Polyarthritis
    • Carditis
    • Subcutaneous nodules
    • Erythema marginatum
    • Sydenham’s chorea
  • Minor
    • Fever
    • Arthralgia
    • Elevated ESR or CRP
    • Leukocytosis
    • 1st degree heart block

Clinical Significance – a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever is either two major or one major and two minor criteria

 

History – Named after T. Duckett Jones (1899-1954), an American cardiologist who received his medical doctorate from the University of Virginia in 1923.  With a keen interest in rheumatic fever and heart disease, he practiced at Massachusetts General Hospital and House of Good Samaritan in Boston for over 20 years.  He became the medical director of the Helen Way Whitney Foundation to pursue his passion for public health, which led to one of the first tweleve appointments to the National Advisory Heart Council in 1948.  He published his seminal paper entitled “The Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever” in JAMA in 1944 which described these findings.  Dr. Jones unfortunately died as a result of malignant hypertension in 1954 at the age of 55.

First page PDF preview

 

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. White PD.  T. Duckett Jones, 1899-1954.  Circulation.  1955.
  7. Shulman ST. T. Duckett Jones and his criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. Pediatric annals. 1999; 28(1):9-12. [pubmed]
  8. Jones TD.  The Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever.  JAMA. 1944;126(8):481-484 [article]

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Westermark’s Sign

 

Other Known Aliases – none

 

Definition – focal peripheral hyperlucency resulting from collapsed vessels distal to a pulmonary thromboembolism.

 

 

Clinical Significance – Occurs as a result of oligemia of perfusion to the lung parenchyma and can be seen in up to 10% of patients with acute PTE.  Similar to Hampton’s Hump, it has a low sensitivity, but a high specificity

 

History – Named after Nils Johan Hugo Westermark (1892-1980), a Swedish radiologist who first described this finding in his 1938 paper entitled ” On the roentgen diagnosis of lung embolism”.  He was also an accomplished sailor and won a silver medal in the 1912 Olympics.

 

 

References

  1. Firkin BG and Whitwirth JA.  Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. 2nd ed.  New York, NY; Parthenon Publishing Group. 1996.
  2. Bartolucci S, Forbis P.  Stedman’s Medical Eponyms.  2nd ed.  Baltimore, MD; LWW.  2005.
  3. Yee AJ, Pfiffner P. (2012).  Medical Eponyms (Version 1.4.2) [Mobile Application Software].  Retrieved http://itunes.apple.com.
  4. Whonamedit – dictionary of medical eponyms. http://www.whonamedit.com
  5. Up To Date. www.uptodate.com
  6. Krishnan AS, Barrett T. Images in clinical medicine. Westermark sign in pulmonary embolism. NEJM. 2012; 366(11):e16. [pubmed]
  7. Radiopaedia.  Westermark Sign. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/westermark-sign-1
  8. Westermark N. On the roentgen diagnosis of lung embolism. Acta Radiol 1938;19:357‑72.